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  1. #1
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    Quote Originally Posted by bbbb View Post
    Absolutely, which is precisely why I am anti-feminist; I want men & women treated as full equals, not selective equality when only for women's benefit or men's detriment which is what feminists currently push for.
    fem·i·nism
    /ˈfeməˌnizəm/
    Noun
    The advocacy of women's rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men.

    Hate to break it to you, but if you want equality, you're a feminist. You just don't want to associate yourself with feminists because you mistakenly think a minority of extremists speak for the entire group.


    All I've seen from you is pretty much ignore questions you don't want to answer, blame men for issues you do manage to respond to and trivialize issues faced by men and fully deny a shred of responsibility on feminism's part for any & all issues.

    Ask me any questions you like. And of course I deny that feminism is responsible for all the issues you say it creates. You are the one blaming the movement, you provide the evidence.

    Here are some feminists demanding men not speak about their issues whilst simultaneously blaming men for everything. The final link is a collection of screen-grabs from a feminist board discussing poisoning men & (pregnant with male babies) women as well as other means of killing off men... but those jesting feminists ain't man-haters, of course

    You mean some women are angry when instead of working towards equality men try and make everything about them, despite being incredibly privileged in society? No kidding.

    And of course there are random nutters all over the internet. You are the one saying that represents every single person who describes themselves as a feminist. It doesn't.

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    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    The advocacy of women's rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men.
    The dictionary definition is lovely - shame feminist actions speak louder than their words.

    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    Hate to break it to you, but if you want equality, you're a feminist. You just don't want to associate yourself with feminists because you mistakenly think a minority of extremists speak for the entire group.
    No sir, you see, I want to see full equality rather than selective equality. We've already established that feminists do not promote true equality because they do not demand equal jail time, protection for baby boys and men from MGM (look at the way Sharon Osbourne hooted with laughter at a male victim of sexual mutilation) and don't believe f0rcing women into jobs they don't necessarily want via quotas is anything to do with 'equality'.

    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    Ask me any questions you like. And of course I deny that feminism is responsible for all the issues you say it creates. You are the one blaming the movement, you provide the evidence.
    I have - and you did precisely as I stated above, you trivialized it and marginalized feminism's involvement. (see your next quote)

    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    You mean some women are angry when instead of working towards equality men try and make everything about them, despite being incredibly privileged in society? No kidding.
    You clearly didn't review a single link.
    Why are you feminists so scared of men being allowed to congregate and talk about issues affecting them? The feminists in the videos refused to allow men to speak. That is bullying.

    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    And of course there are random nutters all over the internet. You are the one saying that represents every single person who describes themselves as a feminist. It doesn't.
    But it's not just a random one or two... It's seen over & over & over again.. the single factor that brings them under one umbrella is their affiliation with a hate movement known as feminism.

    Now, you claim I'm privileged due to being male...

    Do I get laws that elevate me above women, such as VAMA or similar?
    Do I get well-funded organisations dedicated to giving me a boost up in my work/career?
    Do I get groups who will attend court with me to help me put a woman behind bars if a falsely accuse her of a crime?
    Are women held accountable for R@p3 & sexual assault in general?
    Does society often look to explain away men's crimes (e.g. r@p3) or women's crimes (e.g. false allegations of r4p3)?
    Are crimes against me treated as more severe (i.e. if someone kills me in an auto-mobile accident and another car runs over a woman, which car driver will face the stiffer penalty)?
    Are crimes women commit not even recognised under law (paternity fraud, false CSA claims, r4p3, etc.)?

    Now please, tell me, how on Earth am I remotely privileged compared to a woman?

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    Big Supporter skweezme's Avatar
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    Oh dear. Some very boring rants on here. I thought the original post was somewhat humorous. If you're not a little turned on by the idea of ball-busting why are you here?

  4. #4
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    Quote Originally Posted by bbbb View Post
    Now please, tell me, how on Earth am I remotely privileged compared to a woman?

    Wait... what did I miss?
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    The apple forms a tree that is small and deciduous, reaching 3 to 12 metres (9.8 to 39 ft) tall, with a broad, often densely twiggy crown.[3] The leaves are alternately arranged simple ovals 5 to 12 cm long and 3–6 centimetres (1.2–2.4 in) broad on a 2 to 5 centimetres (0.79 to 2.0 in) petiole with an acute tip, serrated margin and a slightly downy underside. Blossoms are produced in spring simultaneously with the budding of the leaves. The flowers are white with a pink tinge that gradually fades, five petaled, and 2.5 to 3.5 centimetres (0.98 to 1.4 in) in diameter. The fruit matures in autumn, and is typically 5 to 9 centimetres (2.0 to 3.5 in) in diameter. The skins of ripe apples range from red to yellow to green in colouration, and covered in a protective layer of epicuticular wax,[4] while the flesh is pale yellowish-white. The center of the fruit contains five carpels arranged in a five-point star, each carpel containing one to three seeds, called pips.[3]
    Wild ancestors
    Main article: Malus sieversii

    The original wild ancestor of Malus domestica was Malus sieversii, found growing wild in the mountains of Central Asia in southern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Xinjiang, China.[3][5] Cultivation of the species, most likely beginning on the forested flanks of the Tian Shan mountains, progressed over a long period of time and permitted secondary introgression of genes from other species into the open-pollinated seeds. Significant exchange with Malus sylvestris, the crabapple, resulted in current populations of apples to be more related to crabapples than to the more morphologically similar progenitor Malus sieversii. In strains without recent admixture the contribution of the latter predominates.[6][7][8]
    Genome

    In 2010, an Italian-led consortium announced they had decoded the complete genome of the apple in collaboration with horticultural genomicists at Washington State University,[9] using the Golden delicious variety.[10] It had about 57,000 genes, the highest number of any plant genome studied to date[11] and more genes than the human genome (about 30,000).[12] This new understanding of the apple genome will help scientists in identifying genes and gene variants that contribute to resistance to disease and drought, and other desirable characteristics. Understanding the genes behind these characteristics will allow scientists to perform more knowledgeable selective breeding. Decoding the genome also provided proof that Malus sieversii was the wild ancestor of the domestic apple—an issue that had been long-debated in the scientific community.[13]
    History
    Wild Malus sieversii apple in Kazakhstan

    The center of diversity of the genus Malus is in eastern Turkey. The apple tree was perhaps the earliest tree to be cultivated,[14] and its fruits have been improved through selection over thousands of years. Alexander the Great is credited with finding dwarfed apples in Kazakhstan in Asia in 328 BCE;[3] those he brought back to Macedonia might have been the progenitors of dwarfing root stocks. Winter apples, picked in late autumn and stored just above freezing, have been an important food in Asia and Europe for millennia, as well as in Argentina and in the United States since the arrival of Europeans.[14] Apples were brought to North America by colonists in the 17th century,[3] and the first apple orchard on the North American continent was planted in Boston by Reverend William Blaxton in 1625.[15] The only apples native to North America are crab apples, which were once called "common apples".[16] Apple varieties brought as seed from Europe were spread along Native American trade routes, as well as being cultivated on Colonial farms. An 1845 United States apples nursery catalogue sold 350 of the "best" varieties, showing the proliferation of new North American varieties by the early 19th century.[16] In the 20th century, irrigation projects in Washington state began and allowed the development of the multibillion dollar fruit industry, of which the apple is the leading product.[3]

    Until the 20th century, farmers stored apples in frostproof cellars during the winter for their own use or for sale. Improved transportation of fresh apples by train and road replaced the necessity for storage.[17][18] In the 21st century, long-term storage again came into popularity, as "controlled atmosphere" facilities were used to keep apples fresh year-round. Controlled atmosphere facilities use high humidity and low oxygen and carbon dioxide levels to maintain fruit freshness.[19]
    Cultural aspects
    Main article: Apple (symbolism)
    "Brita as Iduna" (1901) by Carl Larsson
    Germanic paganism

    In Norse mythology, the goddess Iđunn is portrayed in the Prose Edda (written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson) as providing apples to the gods that give them eternal youthfulness. English scholar H. R. Ellis Davidson links apples to religious practices in Germanic paganism, from which Norse paganism developed. She points out that buckets of apples were found in the Oseberg ship burial site in Norway, and that fruit and nuts (Iđunn having been described as being transformed into a nut in Skáldskaparmál) have been found in the early graves of the Germanic peoples in England and elsewhere on the continent of Europe, which may have had a symbolic meaning, and that nuts are still a recognized symbol of fertility in southwest England.[20]

    Davidson notes a connection between apples and the Vanir, a tribe of gods associated with fertility in Norse mythology, citing an instance of eleven "golden apples" being given to woo the beautiful Gerđr by Skírnir, who was acting as messenger for the major Vanir god Freyr in stanzas 19 and 20 of Skírnismál. Davidson also notes a further connection between fertility and apples in Norse mythology in chapter 2 of the Völsunga saga when the major goddess Frigg sends King Rerir an apple after he prays to Odin for a child, Frigg's messenger (in the guise of a crow) drops the apple in his lap as he sits atop a mound.[21] Rerir's wife's consumption of the apple results in a six-year pregnancy and the Caesarean section birth of their son—the hero Völsung.[22]

    Further, Davidson points out the "strange" phrase "Apples of Hel" used in an 11th-century poem by the skald Thorbiorn Brúnarson. She states this may imply that the apple was thought of by Brúnarson as the food of the dead. Further, Davidson notes that the potentially Germanic goddess Nehalennia is sometimes depicted with apples and that parallels exist in early Irish stories. Davidson asserts that while cultivation of the apple in Northern Europe extends back to at least the time of the Roman Empire and came to Europe from the Near East, the native varieties of apple trees growing in Northern Europe are small and bitter. Davidson concludes that in the figure of Iđunn "we must have a dim reflection of an old symbol: that of the guardian goddess of the life-giving fruit of the other world."[20]
    Greek mythology
    Heracles with the apple of Hesperides

    Apples appear in many religious traditions, often as a mystical or forbidden fruit. One of the problems identifying apples in religion, mythology and folktales is that the word "apple" was used as a generic term for all (foreign) fruit, other than berries, including nuts, as late as the 17th century.[23] For instance, in Greek mythology, the Greek hero Heracles, as a part of his Twelve Labours, was required to travel to the Garden of the Hesperides and pick the golden apples off the Tree of Life growing at its center.[24][25][26]

    The Greek goddess of *******, Eris, became disgruntled after she was excluded from the wedding of Peleus and Thetis.[27] In retaliation, she tossed a golden apple inscribed Καλλίστη (Kalliste, sometimes transliterated Kallisti, 'For the most beautiful one'), into the wedding party. Three goddesses claimed the apple: Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite. Paris of Troy was appointed to select the recipient. After being bribed by both Hera and Athena, Aphrodite tempted him with the most beautiful woman in the world, Helen of Sparta. He awarded the apple to Aphrodite, thus indirectly causing the Trojan War.

    The apple was thus considered, in ancient Greece, to be sacred to Aphrodite, and to throw an apple at someone was to symbolically declare one's love; and similarly, to catch it was to symbolically show one's acceptance of that love.[28] An epigram claiming authorship by Plato states:

    I throw the apple at you, and if you are willing to love me, take it and share your girlhood with me; but if your thoughts are what I pray they are not, even then take it, and consider how short-lived is beauty.
    —Plato, Epigram VII[29]

    Atalanta, also of Greek mythology, raced all her suitors in an attempt to avoid marriage. She outran all but Hippomenes (also known as Melanion, a name possibly derived from melon the Greek word for both "apple" and fruit in general),[25] who defeated her by cunning, not speed. Hippomenes knew that he could not win in a fair race, so he used three golden apples (gifts of Aphrodite, the goddess of love) to distract Atalanta. It took all three apples and all of his speed, but Hippomenes was finally successful, winning the race and Atalanta's hand.[24]
    The forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden
    Adam and Eve
    Showcasing the apple as a symbol of sin.
    Albrecht Dürer, 1507

    Though the forbidden fruit in the Book of Genesis is not identified, popular Christian tradition has held that it was an apple that Eve coaxed Adam to share with her.[30] This may have been the result of Renaissance painters adding elements of Greek mythology into biblical scenes (alternative interpretations also based on Greek mythology occasionally replace the apple with a pomegranate). In this case the unnamed fruit of Eden became an apple under the influence of story of the golden apples in the Garden of Hesperides. As a result, in the story of Adam and Eve, the apple became a symbol for knowledge, immortality, temptation, the fall of man into sin, and sin itself. In Latin, the words for "apple" and for "evil" are similar (mālum "an apple", mălum "an evil, a misfortune"). This may also have influenced the apple becoming interpreted as the biblical "forbidden fruit". The larynx in the human throat has been called Adam's apple because of a notion that it was caused by the forbidden fruit remaining in the throat of Adam.[30] The apple as symbol of sexual seduction has been used to imply sexuality between men, possibly in an ironic vein.[30]
    Cultivars
    Red and Green apples in India
    Main article: List of apple cultivars

    There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples.[31] Cultivars vary in their yield and the ultimate size of the tree, even when grown on the same rootstock.[32] Different cultivars are available for temperate and subtropical climates. The UK's National Fruit Collection, which is the responsibility of the Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs, has a collection of over 2,000 accessions in Kent.[33] The University of Reading, which is responsible for developing the UK national collection database, provides access to search the national collection. The University of Reading's work is part of the European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources of which there are 38 countries participating in the Malus/Pyrus work group.[34] The UK's national fruit collection database contains a wealth of information on the characteristics and origin of many apples, including alternative names for what is essentially the same 'genetic' apple variety. Most of these cultivars are bred for eating fresh (dessert apples), though some are cultivated specifically for cooking (cooking apples) or producing cider. Cider apples are typically too tart and astringent to eat fresh, but they give the beverage a rich flavour that dessert apples cannot.[35]

    Commercially popular apple cultivars are soft but crisp. Other desired qualities in modern commercial apple breeding are a colourful skin, absence of russeting, ease of shipping, lengthy storage ability, high yields, disease resistance, common apple shape, and developed flavour.[32] Modern apples are generally sweeter than older cultivars, as popular tastes in apples have varied over time. Most North Americans and Europeans favour sweet, subacid apples, but tart apples have a strong minority following.[36] Extremely sweet apples with barely any acid flavour are popular in Asia[36] and especially India.[35]

    Old cultivars are often oddly shaped, russeted, and have a variety of textures and colours. Some find them to have a better flavour than modern cultivars,[37] but may have other problems which make them commercially unviable from low yield, disease susceptibility, or poor tolerance for storage or transport. A few old cultivars are still produced on a large scale, but many have been preserved by home gardeners and farmers that sell directly to local markets. Many unusual and locally important cultivars with their own unique taste and appearance exist; apple conservation campaigns have sprung up around the world to preserve such local cultivars from extinction. In the United Kingdom, old cultivars such as 'Cox's Orange Pippin' and 'Egremont Russet' are still commercially important even though by modern standards they are low yielding and susceptible to disease.[3]
    Cultivation
    Breeding
    See also: Fruit tree propagation
    Apple pot

    In the wild, apples grow readily from seeds. However, like most perennial fruits, apples are ordinarily propagated asexually by grafting. This is because seedling apples are an example of "extreme heterozygotes", in that rather than inheriting DNA from their parents to create a new apple with those characteristics, they are instead significantly different from their parents.[38] Triploid varieties have an additional reproductive barrier in that 3 sets of chromosomes cannot be divided evenly during meiosis, yielding unequal segregation of the chromosomes (aneuploids). Even in the case when a triploid plant can produce a seed (apples are an example), it occurs infrequently, and seedlings rarely survive.[39] Most new apple cultivars originate as seedlings, which either arise by chance or are bred by deliberately crossing cultivars with promising characteristics.[40] The words 'seedling', 'pippin', and 'kernel' in the name of an apple cultivar suggest that it originated as a seedling. Apples can also form bud sports (mutations on a single branch). Some bud sports turn out to be improved strains of the parent cultivar. Some differ sufficiently from the parent tree to be considered new cultivars.[41]

    Since the 1930s, the Excelsior Experiment Station at the University of Minnesota has introduced a steady progression of important apples that are widely grown, both commercially and by local orchardists, throughout Minnesota and Wisconsin. Its most important contributions have included 'Haralson' (which is the most widely cultivated apple in Minnesota), 'Wealthy', 'Honeygold', and 'Honeycrisp'.

    Apples have been acclimatized in Ecuador at very high altitudes, where they provide crops twice per year because of constant temperate conditions year-round.[42]
    Rootstocks
    See also: Malling series

    Rootstocks used to control tree size have been used in apple cultivation for over 2,000 years. Dwarfing rootstocks were probably discovered by chance in Asia.[citation needed] Alexander the Great sent samples of dwarf apple trees to Aristotle, in Greece. They were maintained at the Lyceum.

    Most modern apple rootstocks were bred in the 20th century. Research into the existing rootstocks began at the East Malling Research Station in Kent, England.[citation needed] East Malling later worked with the John Innes Institute and the Long Ashton Research Station to produce a series of different rootstocks with disease resistance and a range of different sizes, which have been used all over the world.[citation needed]
    Pollination
    See also: Fruit tree pollination
    Apple blossom from an old Ayrshire variety
    Orchard mason bee on apple bloom, British Columbia, Canada

    Apples are self-incompatible; they must cross-pollinate to develop fruit. During the flowering each season, apple growers often utilize pollinators to carry pollen. Honey bees are most commonly used. Orchard mason bees are also used as supplemental pollinators in commercial orchards. Bumblebee queens are sometimes present in orchards, but not usually in enough quantity to be significant pollinators.[41]

    There are four to seven pollination groups in apples, depending on climate:

    Group A – Early flowering, 1 to 3 May in England (Gravenstein, Red Astrachan)
    Group B – 4 to 7 May (Idared, McIntosh)
    Group C – Mid-season flowering, 8 to 11 May (Granny Smith, Cox's Orange Pippin)
    Group D – Mid/late season flowering, 12 to 15 May (Golden Delicious, Calville blanc d'hiver)
    Group E – Late flowering, 16 to 18 May (Braeburn, Reinette d'Orléans)
    Group F – 19 to 23 May (Suntan)
    Group H – 24 to 28 May (Court-Pendu Gris) (also called Court-Pendu plat)

    One cultivar can be pollinated by a compatible cultivar from the same group or close (A with A, or A with B, but not A with C or D).[43]

    Varieties are sometimes classified by the day of peak bloom in the average 30 day blossom period, with pollenizers selected from varieties within a 6 day overlap period.
    Maturation and harvest
    See also: Fruit picking and Fruit tree pruning

    Cultivars vary in their yield and the ultimate size of the tree, even when grown on the same rootstock. Some cultivars, if left unpruned, will grow very large, which allows them to bear much more fruit, but makes harvesting very difficult. Depending on the tree density (number of trees planted per unit surface area), mature trees typically bear 40–200 kilograms (88–440 lb) of apples each year, though productivity can be close to zero in poor years. Apples are harvested using three-point ladders that are designed to fit amongst the branches. Trees grafted on dwarfing rootstocks will bear about 10–80 kilograms (22–180 lb) of fruit per year.[41]

    Crops ripen at different times of the year according to the variety of apple. Varieties that yield their crop in the summer include Gala, Golden Supreme, McIntosh, Transparent, Primate, Sweet Bough, and Duchess; fall producers include Fuji, Jonagold, Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, Chenango, Gravenstein, Wealthy, McIntosh, Snow, and Blenheim; winter producers include Winesap, Granny Smith, King, Wagener, Swayzie, Greening, and Tolman Sweet.[16]
    Storage

    Commercially, apples can be stored for some months in controlled-atmosphere chambers to delay ethylene-induced ripening. Apples are commonly stored in chambers with higher concentrations of carbon dioxide and high air filtration. This prevents ethylene concentrations from rising to higher amounts and preventing ripening from occurring too quickly. Ripening continues when the fruit is removed from storage.[44] For home storage, most varieties of apple can be held for approximately two weeks when kept at the coolest part of the refrigerator (i.e. below 5 °C). Some types, including the Granny Smith and Fuji, can be stored up to a year without significant degradation.[45][46]
    Pests and diseases
    Leaves with significant insect damage
    Main article: List of apple diseases
    See also: List of Lepidoptera that feed on Malus

    Apple trees are susceptible to a number of fungal and bacterial diseases and insect pests. Many commercial orchards pursue an aggressive program of chemical sprays to maintain high fruit quality, tree health, and high yields. A trend in orchard management is the use of organic methods. These use less aggressive methods of conventional farming. Instead of spraying potent chemicals, often shown to be potentially dangerous and maleficent to the tree over time, organic methods include encouraging or discouraging certain cycles and pests. To control pests, organic growers might introduce its natural predator to reduce pest population. Organic apples generally have the same of conventionally grown apples, with cosmetic differences.[47]

    A wide range of pests and diseases can affect the plant; three of the more common diseases/pests are mildew, aphids and apple scab.

    Mildew: which is characterized by light grey powdery patches appearing on the leaves, shoots and flowers, normally in spring. The flowers will turn a creamy yellow colour and will not develop correctly. This can be treated in a manner not dissimilar from treating Botrytis; eliminating the conditions which caused the disease in the first place and burning the infected plants are among the recommended actions to take.[48]
    Aphids: There are five species of aphids commonly found on apples: apple grain aphid, rosy apple aphid, apple aphid, spirea aphid and the woolly apple aphid. The aphid species can be identified by their colour, the time of year when they are present and by differences in the cornicles, which are small paired projections from the rear of aphids.[48] Aphids feed on foliage using needle-like mouth parts to suck out plant juices. When present in high numbers, certain species reduce tree growth and vigor.[49]
    Apple scab: Apple scab causes leaves to develop olive-brown spots with a velvety texture that later turn brown and become cork-like in texture. The disease also affects the fruit, which also develops similar brown spots with velvety or cork-like textures. Apple scab is spread through fungus growing in old apple leaves on the ground and spreads during warm spring weather to infect the new year's growth.[50]

    Among the most serious disease problems are fireblight, a bacterial disease; and Gymnosporangium rust, and black spot, two fungal diseases.[49] Codling moths and apple maggots are two other pests which affect apple trees. Young apple trees are also prone to mammal pests like mice and deer, which feed on the soft bark of the trees, especially in winter.

  6. #6
    Big Supporter Richter's Avatar
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    Learning is fun!
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    All hail Eris! With Her apple (not a mac)

    Hail Discordia!

  8. #8
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    Eris be lookin' fine!
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    [QUOTE=bbbb;125722]
    Now, you claim I'm privileged due to being male...

    Do I get laws that elevate me above women, such as VAMA or similar?

    Please learn how VAWA works beyond just looking at the name.

    Do I get well-funded organisations dedicated to giving me a boost up in my work/career?

    Considering men find it easier to get hired and women only earn on average 80% of what men earn I don't think you need them.

    Do I get groups who will attend court with me to help me put a woman behind bars if a falsely accuse her of a crime?

    No groups exist to help people who falsely accuse others...

    Are women held accountable for R@p3 & sexual assault in general?

    Women have been convicted of sexual assault yes.

    Does society often look to explain away men's crimes (e.g. r@p3) or women's crimes (e.g. false allegations of r4p3)?

    Society goes to massive lengths to explain away r@pe. Look at how you tried to explain it as the woman failing to protect herself. Look at the recent incident involving two high school football players where everyone involved went to great lengths to ignore what had happened.

    Are crimes against me treated as more severe (i.e. if someone kills me in an auto-mobile accident and another car runs over a woman, which car driver will face the stiffer penalty)?

    Show me the law that says men should be treated more harshly, or the feminist support for such a thing.

    Are crimes women commit not even recognised under law (paternity fraud, false CSA claims, r4p3, etc.)?

    I already agreed that the law regarding r@pe in England should be changed, but you keep coming back to it as if it has anything to do with feminism. The law wasn't written by feminists.

    As for ways in which you are privileged (borrowed this list from the internet, its far from exhaustive):

    Male privilege checklist

    1. My odds of being hired for a job, when competing against female applicants, are probably skewed in my favor. The more prestigious the job, the larger the odds are skewed.
    2. If I fail in my job or career, I can feel sure this won’t be seen as a black mark against my entire sex’s capabilities.
    3. I am far less likely to face sexual harassment at work than my female coworkers are.
    4. If I do the same task as a woman, and if the measurement is at all subjective, chances are people will think I did a better job.
    5. If I choose not to have children, my masculinity will not be called into question.
    6. If I have children and a career, no one will think I’m selfish for not staying at home.
    7. My elected representatives are mostly people of my own sex. The more
    prestigious and powerful the elected position, the more this is true.
    8. When I ask to see “the person in charge,” odds are I will face a person of my own sex. The higher-up in the organization the person is, the surer I can be.
    9. As a child, chances are I was encouraged to be more active and outgoing than my sisters.
    10. As a child, chances are I got more teacher attention than girls who raised
    their hands just as often.
    11. If I’m careless with my financial affairs it won’t be attributed to my sex.
    12. If I’m careless with my driving it won’t be attributed to my sex.
    13. Even if I sleep with a lot of women, there is no chance that I will be seriously labeled a “slut,” nor is there any male counterpart to “slut-bashing.”
    14. I do not have to worry about the message my wardrobe sends about my
    sexual availability or my gender conformity.
    15. My clothing is typically less expensive and better-constructed than women’s clothing for the same social status. While I have fewer options, my clothes will probably fit better than a woman’s without tailoring.
    16. The grooming regimen expected of me is relatively cheap and consumes little time.
    17. If I’m not conventionally attractive, the disadvantages are relatively small and easy to ignore.
    18. I can be loud with no fear of being called a shrew. I can be aggressive with no fear of being called a bitch.
    19. I can be confident that the ordinary language of day-to-day existence will
    always include my sex. “All men are created equal,” mailman, chairman,
    freshman, etc.
    20. My ability to make important decisions and my capability in general will never be questioned depending on what time of the month it is.
    21. I will never be expected to change my name upon marriage or questioned if I don’t change my name.
    22. The decision to hire me will never be based on assumptions about whether or not I might choose to have a family sometime soon.
    23. If I have a wife or live-in girlfriend, chances are we’ll divide up household
    chores so that she does most of the labor, and in particular the most repetitive and unrewarding tasks.
    24. If I have children with a wife or girlfriend, chances are she’ll do most of the childrearing, and in particular the most dirty, repetitive and unrewarding parts of childrearing.
    25. If I have children with a wife or girlfriend, and it turns out that one of us needs to make career sacrifices to raise the kids, chances are we’ll both assume the career sacrificed should be hers.
    26. Magazines, billboards, television, movies, pornography, and virtually all of
    media are filled with images of scantily-clad women intended to appeal to me
    sexually. Such images of men exist, but are rarer.
    27. In general, I am under much less pressure to be thin than my female
    counterparts are. If I am fat, I probably suffer fewer social and economic
    consequences for being fat than fat women do.
    28. On average, I am not interrupted by women as often as women are
    interrupted by men.
    29. I have the privilege of being unaware of my male privilege.

    Cool, huh?

  10. #10
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    Mechanics
    A visual representation of an induced nuclear fission event where a slow-moving neutron is absorbed by the nucleus of a uranium-235 atom, which fissions into two fast-moving lighter elements (fission products) and additional neutrons. Most of the energy released is in the form of the kinetic velocities of the fission products and the neutrons.
    Fission product yields by mass for thermal neutron fission of U-235, Pu-239, a combination of the two typical of current nuclear power reactors, and U-233 used in the thorium cycle.

    Nuclear fission can occur without neutron bombardment, as a type of radioactive decay. This type of fission (called spontaneous fission) is rare except in a few heavy isotopes. In engineered nuclear devices, essentially all nuclear fission occurs as a "nuclear reaction" — a bombardment-driven process that results from the collision of two subatomic particles. In nuclear reactions, a subatomic particle collides with an atomic nucleus and causes changes to it. Nuclear reactions are thus driven by the mechanics of bombardment, not by the relatively constant exponential decay and half-life characteristic of spontaneous radioactive processes.

    Many types of nuclear reactions are currently known. Nuclear fission differs importantly from other types of nuclear reactions, in that it can be amplified and sometimes controlled via a nuclear chain reaction (one type of general chain reaction). In such a reaction, free neutrons released by each fission event can trigger yet more events, which in turn release more neutrons and cause more fissions.

    The chemical element isotopes that can sustain a fission chain reaction are called nuclear fuels, and are said to be fissile. The most common nuclear fuels are 235U (the isotope of uranium with an atomic mass of 235 and of use in nuclear reactors) and 239Pu (the isotope of plutonium with an atomic mass of 239). These fuels break apart into a bimodal range of chemical elements with atomic masses centering near 95 and 135 u (fission products). Most nuclear fuels undergo spontaneous fission only very slowly, decaying instead mainly via an alpha/beta decay chain over periods of millennia to eons. In a nuclear reactor or nuclear weapon, the overwhelming majority of fission events are induced by bombardment with another particle, a neutron, which is itself produced by prior fission events.

    Nuclear fissions in fissile fuels are the result of the nuclear excitation energy produced when a fissile nucleus captures a neutron. This energy, resulting from the neutron capture, is a result of the attractive nuclear force acting between the neutron and nucleus. It is enough to deform the nucleus into a double-lobed "drop," to the point that nuclear fragments exceed the distances at which the nuclear force can hold two groups of charged nucleons together, and when this happens, the two fragments complete their separation and then are driven further apart by their mutually repulsive charges, in a process which becomes irreversible with greater and greater distance. A similar process occurs in fissionable isotopes (such as uranium-238), but in order to fission, these isotopes require additional energy provided by fast neutrons (such as those produced by nuclear fusion in thermonuclear weapons).

    The liquid drop model of the atomic nucleus predicts equal-sized fission products as a mechanical outcome of nuclear deformation. The more sophisticated nuclear shell model is needed to mechanistically explain the route to the more energetically favorable outcome, in which one fission product is slightly smaller than the other.

    The most common fission process is binary fission, and it produces the fission products noted above, at 95±15 and 135±15 u. However, the binary process happens merely because it is the most probable. In anywhere from 2 to 4 fissions per 1000 in a nuclear reactor, a process called ternary fission produces three positively charged fragments (plus neutrons) and the smallest of these may range from so small a charge and mass as a proton (Z=1), to as large a fragment as argon (Z=18). The most common small fragments, however, are composed of 90% helium-4 nuclei with more energy than alpha particles from alpha decay (so-called "long range alphas" at ~ 16 MeV), plus helium-6 nuclei, and tritons (the nuclei of tritium). The ternary process is less common, but still ends up producing significant helium-4 and tritium gas buildup in the fuel rods of modern nuclear reactors.[3]
    Energetics
    Input
    The stages of binary fission in a liquid drop model. Energy input deforms the nucleus into a fat "cigar" shape, then a "peanut" shape, followed by binary fission as the two lobes exceed the short-range strong force attraction distance, then are pushed apart and away by their electrical charge. Note that in this model, the two fission fragments are the same size.

    The fission of a heavy nucleus requires a total input energy of about 7 to 8 million electron volts (MeV) to initially overcome the strong force which holds the nucleus into a spherical or nearly spherical shape, and from there, deform it into a two-lobed ("peanut") shape in which the lobes are able to continue to separate from each other, pushed by their mutual positive charge, in the most common process of binary fission (two positively charged fission products + neutrons). Once the nuclear lobes have been pushed to a critical distance, beyond which the short range strong force can no longer hold them together, the process of their separation proceeds from the energy of the (longer range) electromagnetic repulsion between the fragments. The result is two fission fragments moving away from each other, at high energy.

    About 6 MeV of the fission-input energy is supplied by the simple binding of an extra neutron to the heavy nucleus via the strong force; however, in many fissionable isotopes, this amount of energy is not enough for fission. Uranium-238, for example, has a near-zero fission cross section for neutrons of less than one MeV energy. If no additional energy is supplied by any other mechanism, the nucleus will not fission, but will merely absorb the neutron, as happens when U-238 absorbs slow and even some fraction of fast neutrons, to become U-239. The remaining energy to initiate fission can be supplied by two other mechanisms: one of these is more kinetic energy of the incoming neutron, which is increasingly able to fission a fissionable heavy nucleus as it exceeds a kinetic energy of one MeV or more (so-called fast neutrons). Such high energy neutrons are able to fission U-238 directly (see thermonuclear weapon for application, where the fast neutrons are supplied by nuclear fusion). However, this process cannot happen to a great extent in a nuclear reactor, as too small a fraction of the fission neutrons produced by any type of fission have enough energy to efficiently fission U-238 (fission neutrons have a median energy of 2 MeV, but a mode of only 0.75 MeV, meaning half of them have less than this insufficient energy).[4]

    Among the heavy actinide elements, however, those isotopes that have an odd number of neutrons (such as U-235 with 143 neutrons) bind an extra neutron with an additional 1 to 2 MeV of energy over an isotope of the same element with an even number of neutrons (such as U-238 with 146 neutrons). This extra binding energy is made available as a result of the mechanism of neutron pairing effects. This extra energy results from the Pauli exclusion principle allowing an extra neutron to occupy the same nuclear orbital as the last neutron in the nucleus, so that the two form a pair. In such isotopes, therefore, no neutron kinetic energy is needed, for all the necessary energy is supplied by absorption of any neutron, either of the slow or fast variety (the former are used in moderated nuclear reactors, and the latter are used in fast neutron reactors, and in weapons). As noted above, the subgroup of fissionable elements that may be fissioned efficiently with their own fission neutrons (thus potentially causing a nuclear chain reaction in relatively small amounts of the pure material) are termed "fissile." Examples of fissile isotopes are U-235 and plutonium-239.
    Output

    Typical fission events release about two hundred million eV (200 MeV) of energy for each fission event. The exact isotope which is fissioned, and whether or not it is fissionable or fissile, has only a small impact on the amount of energy released. This can be easily seen by examining the curve of binding energy (image below), and noting that the average binding energy of the actinide nuclides beginning with uranium is around 7.6 Mev per nucleon. Looking further left on the curve of binding energy, where the fission products cluster, it is easily observed that the binding energy of the fission products tends to center around 8.5 Mev per nucleon. Thus, in any fission event of an isotope in the actinide's range of mass, roughly 0.9 Mev is released per nucleon of the starting element. The fission of U235 by a slow neutron yields nearly identical energy to the fission of U238 by a fast neutron. This energy release profile holds true for thorium and the various minor actinides as well.[5]

    By contrast, most chemical oxidation reactions (such as burning coal or TNT) release at most a few eV per event. So, nuclear fuel contains at least ten million times more usable energy per unit mass than does chemical fuel. The energy of nuclear fission is released as kinetic energy of the fission products and fragments, and as electromagnetic radiation in the form of gamma rays; in a nuclear reactor, the energy is converted to heat as the particles and gamma rays collide with the atoms that make up the reactor and its working fluid, usually water or occasionally heavy water.

    When a uranium nucleus fissions into two daughter nuclei fragments, about 0.1 percent of the mass of the uranium nucleus[6] appears as the fission energy of ~200 MeV. For uranium-235 (total mean fission energy 202.5 MeV), typically ~169 MeV appears as the kinetic energy of the daughter nuclei, which fly apart at about 3% of the speed of light, due to Coulomb repulsion. Also, an average of 2.5 neutrons are emitted, with a mean kinetic energy per neutron of ~2 MeV (total of 4.8 MeV).[7] The fission reaction also releases ~7 MeV in prompt gamma ray photons. The latter figure means that a nuclear fission explosion or criticality accident emits about 3.5% of its energy as gamma rays, less than 2.5% of its energy as fast neutrons (total of both types of radiation ~ 6%), and the rest as kinetic energy of fission fragments (this appears almost immediately when the fragments impact surrounding matter, as simple heat). In an atomic bomb, this heat may serve to raise the temperature of the bomb core to 100 million kelvin and cause secondary emission of soft X-rays, which convert some of this energy to ionizing radiation. However, in nuclear reactors, the fission fragment kinetic energy remains as low-temperature heat, which itself causes little or no ionization.

    So-called neutron bombs (enhanced radiation weapons) have been constructed which release a larger fraction of their energy as ionizing radiation (specifically, neutrons), but these are all thermonuclear devices which rely on the nuclear fusion stage to produce the extra radiation. The energy dynamics of pure fission bombs always remain at about 6% yield of the total in radiation, as a prompt result of fission.

    The total prompt fission energy amounts to about 181 MeV, or ~ 89% of the total energy which is eventually released by fission over time. The remaining ~ 11% is released in beta decays which have various half-lives, but begin as a process in the fission products immediately; and in delayed gamma emissions associated with these beta decays. For example, in uranium-235 this delayed energy is divided into about 6.5 MeV in betas, 8.8 MeV in antineutrinos (released at the same time as the betas), and finally, an additional 6.3 MeV in delayed gamma emission from the excited beta-decay products (for a mean total of ~10 gamma ray emissions per fission, in all). Thus, an additional 6% of the total energy of fission is also released eventually as non-prompt ionizing radiation, and this is about evenly divided between gamma and beta ray energy. The remainder of the energy is emitted as antineutrinos, which as a practical matter are not considered ionizing radiation (see below).

    The 8.8 MeV/202.5 MeV = 4.3% of the energy which is released as antineutrinos is not captured by the reactor material as heat, and escapes directly through all materials (including the Earth) at nearly the speed of light, and into interplanetary space (the amount absorbed is minuscule). Neutrino radiation is ordinarily not classed as ionizing radiation, because it is almost entirely not absorbed and therefore does not produce effects. Almost all of the rest of the radiation (beta and gamma radiation) is eventually converted to heat in a reactor core or its shielding.

    Some processes involving neutrons are notable for absorbing or finally yielding energy — for example neutron kinetic energy does not yield heat immediately if the neutron is captured by a uranium-238 atom to breed plutonium-239, but this energy is emitted if the plutonium-239 is later fissioned. On the other hand, so-called delayed neutrons emitted as radioactive decay products with half-lives up to several minutes, from fission-daughters, are very important to reactor control, because they give a characteristic "reaction" time for the total nuclear reaction to double in size, if the reaction is run in a "delayed-critical" zone which deliberately relies on these neutrons for a supercritical chain-reaction (one in which each fission cycle yields more neutrons than it absorbs). Without their existence, the nuclear chain-reaction would be prompt critical and increase in size faster than it could be controlled by human intervention. In this case, the first experimental atomic reactors would have run away to a dangerous and messy "prompt critical reaction" before their operators could have manually shut them down (for this reason, designer Enrico Fermi included radiation-counter-triggered control rods, suspended by electromagnets, which could automatically drop into the center of Chicago Pile-1). If these delayed neutrons are captured without producing fissions, they produce heat as well.[8]
    Product nuclei and binding energy
    Main articles: fission product and fission product yield

    In fission there is a preference to yield fragments with even proton numbers, which is called the odd-even effect on the fragments charge distribution. However, no odd-even effect is observed on fragment mass number distribution. This result is attributed to nucleon pair breaking.

    In nuclear fission events the nuclei may break into any combination of lighter nuclei, but the most common event is not fission to equal mass nuclei of about mass 120; the most common event (depending on isotope and process) is a slightly unequal fission in which one daughter nucleus has a mass of about 90 to 100 u and the other the remaining 130 to 140 u.[9] Unequal fissions are energetically more favorable because this allows one product to be closer to the energetic minimum near mass 60 u (only a quarter of the average fissionable mass), while the other nucleus with mass 135 u is still not far out of the range of the most tightly bound nuclei (another statement of this, is that the atomic binding energy curve is slightly steeper to the left of mass 120 u than to the right of it).
    Origin of the active energy and the curve of binding energy
    The "curve of binding energy": A graph of binding energy per nucleon of common isotopes.

    Nuclear fission of heavy elements produces energy because the specific binding energy (binding energy per mass) of intermediate-mass nuclei with atomic numbers and atomic masses close to 62Ni and 56Fe is greater than the nucleon-specific binding energy of very heavy nuclei, so that energy is released when heavy nuclei are broken apart. The total rest masses of the fission products (Mp) from a single reaction is less than the mass of the original fuel nucleus (M). The excess mass Δm = M – Mp is the invariant mass of the energy that is released as photons (gamma rays) and kinetic energy of the fission fragments, according to the mass-energy equivalence formula E = mc2.

    The variation in specific binding energy with atomic number is due to the interplay of the two fundamental ****** acting on the component nucleons (protons and neutrons) that make up the nucleus. Nuclei are bound by an attractive nuclear force between nucleons, which overcomes the electrostatic repulsion between protons. However, the nuclear force acts only over relatively short ranges (a few nucleon diameters), since it follows an exponentially decaying Yukawa potential which makes it insignificant at longer distances. The electrostatic repulsion is of longer range, since it decays by an inverse-square rule, so that nuclei larger than about 12 nucleons in diameter reach a point that the total electrostatic repulsion overcomes the nuclear force and causes them to be spontaneously unstable. For the same reason, larger nuclei (more than about eight nucleons in diameter) are less tightly bound per unit mass than are smaller nuclei; breaking a large nucleus into two or more intermediate-sized nuclei releases energy. The origin of this energy is the nuclear force, which intermediate-sized nuclei allows to act more efficiently, because each nucleon has more neighbors which are within the short range attraction of this force. Thus less energy is needed in the smaller nuclei and the difference to the state before is set free.

    Also because of the short range of the strong binding force, large stable nuclei must contain proportionally more neutrons than do the lightest elements, which are most stable with a 1 to 1 ratio of protons and neutrons. Nuclei which have more than 20 protons cannot be stable unless they have more than an equal number of neutrons. Extra neutrons stabilize heavy elements because they add to strong-force binding (which acts between all nucleons) without adding to proton–proton repulsion. Fission products have, on average, about the same ratio of neutrons and protons as their parent nucleus, and are therefore usually unstable to beta decay (which changes neutrons to protons) because they have proportionally too many neutrons compared to stable isotopes of similar mass.

    This tendency for fission product nuclei to beta-decay is the fundamental cause of the problem of radioactive high level waste from nuclear reactors. Fission products tend to be beta emitters, emitting fast-moving electrons to conserve electric charge, as excess neutrons convert to protons in the fission-product atoms. See Fission products (by element) for a description of fission products sorted by element.
    Chain reactions
    A schematic nuclear fission chain reaction. 1. A uranium-235 atom absorbs a neutron and fissions into two new atoms (fission fragments), releasing three new neutrons and some binding energy. 2. One of those neutrons is absorbed by an atom of uranium-238 and does not continue the reaction. Another neutron is simply lost and does not collide with anything, also not continuing the reaction. However, one neutron does collide with an atom of uranium-235, which then fissions and releases two neutrons and some binding energy. 3. Both of those neutrons collide with uranium-235 atoms, each of which fissions and releases between one and three neutrons, which can then continue the reaction.
    Main article: Nuclear chain reaction

    Several heavy elements, such as uranium, thorium, and plutonium, undergo both spontaneous fission, a form of radioactive decay and induced fission, a form of nuclear reaction. Elemental isotopes that undergo induced fission when struck by a free neutron are called fissionable; isotopes that undergo fission when struck by a thermal, slow moving neutron are also called fissile. A few particularly fissile and readily obtainable isotopes (notably 233U, 235U and 239Pu) are called nuclear fuels because they can sustain a chain reaction and can be obtained in large enough quantities to be useful.

    All fissionable and fissile isotopes undergo a small amount of spontaneous fission which releases a few free neutrons into any sample of nuclear fuel. Such neutrons would escape rapidly from the fuel and become a free neutron, with a mean lifetime of about 15 minutes before decaying to protons and beta particles. However, neutrons almost invariably impact and are absorbed by other nuclei in the vicinity long before this happens (newly created fission neutrons move at about 7% of the speed of light, and even moderated neutrons move at about 8 times the speed of sound). Some neutrons will impact fuel nuclei and induce further fissions, releasing yet more neutrons. If enough nuclear fuel is assembled in one place, or if the escaping neutrons are sufficiently contained, then these freshly emitted neutrons outnumber the neutrons that escape from the assembly, and a sustained nuclear chain reaction will take place.

    An assembly that supports a sustained nuclear chain reaction is called a critical assembly or, if the assembly is almost entirely made of a nuclear fuel, a critical mass. The word "critical" refers to a cusp in the behavior of the differential equation that governs the number of free neutrons present in the fuel: if less than a critical mass is present, then the amount of neutrons is determined by radioactive decay, but if a critical mass or more is present, then the amount of neutrons is controlled instead by the physics of the chain reaction. The actual mass of a critical mass of nuclear fuel depends strongly on the geometry and surrounding materials.

    Not all fissionable isotopes can sustain a chain reaction. For example, 238U, the most abundant form of uranium, is fissionable but not fissile: it undergoes induced fission when impacted by an energetic neutron with over 1 MeV of kinetic energy. However, too few of the neutrons produced by 238U fission are energetic enough to induce further fissions in 238U, so no chain reaction is possible with this isotope. Instead, bombarding 238U with slow neutrons causes it to absorb them (becoming 239U) and decay by beta emission to 239Np which then decays again by the same process to 239Pu; that process is used to manufacture 239Pu in breeder reactors. In-situ plutonium production also contributes to the neutron chain reaction in other types of reactors after sufficient plutonium-239 has been produced, since plutonium-239 is also a fissile element which serves as fuel. It is estimated that up to half of the power produced by a standard "non-breeder" reactor is produced by the fission of plutonium-239 produced in place, over the total life-cycle of a fuel load.

    Fissionable, non-fissile isotopes can be used as fission energy source even without a chain reaction. Bombarding 238U with fast neutrons induces fissions, releasing energy as long as the external neutron source is present. This is an important effect in all reactors where fast neutrons from the fissile isotope can cause the fission of nearby 238U nuclei, which means that some small part of the 238U is "burned-up" in all nuclear fuels, especially in fast breeder reactors that operate with higher-energy neutrons. That same fast-fission effect is used to augment the energy released by modern thermonuclear weapons, by jacketing the weapon with 238U to react with neutrons released by nuclear fusion at the center of the device.
    Fission reactors
    The cooling towers of the Philippsburg Nuclear Power Plant, in Germany.

    Critical fission reactors are the most common type of nuclear reactor. In a critical fission reactor, neutrons produced by fission of fuel atoms are used to induce yet more fissions, to sustain a controllable amount of energy release. Devices that produce engineered but non-self-sustaining fission reactions are subcritical fission reactors. Such devices use radioactive decay or particle accelerators to trigger fissions.

    Critical fission reactors are built for three primary purposes, which typically involve different engineering trade-offs to take advantage of either the heat or the neutrons produced by the fission chain reaction:

    power reactors are intended to produce heat for nuclear power, either as part of a generating station or a local power system such as a nuclear submarine.
    research reactors are intended to produce neutrons and/or activate radioactive sources for scientific, medical, engineering, or other research purposes.
    breeder reactors are intended to produce nuclear fuels in bulk from more abundant isotopes. The better known fast breeder reactor makes 239Pu (a nuclear fuel) from the naturally very abundant 238U (not a nuclear fuel). Thermal breeder reactors previously tested using 232Th to breed the fissile isotope 233U (thorium fuel cycle) continue to be studied and developed.

    While, in principle, all fission reactors can act in all three capacities, in practice the tasks lead to conflicting engineering goals and most reactors have been built with only one of the above tasks in mind. (There are several early counter-examples, such as the Hanford N reactor, now decommissioned). Power reactors generally convert the kinetic energy of fission products into heat, which is used to heat a working fluid and drive a heat engine that generates mechanical or electrical power. The working fluid is usually water with a steam turbine, but some designs use other materials such as gaseous helium. Research reactors produce neutrons that are used in various ways, with the heat of fission being treated as an unavoidable waste product. Breeder reactors are a specialized form of research reactor, with the caveat that the sample being irradiated is usually the fuel itself, a mixture of 238U and 235U. For a more detailed description of the physics and operating principles of critical fission reactors, see nuclear reactor physics. For a description of their social, political, and environmental aspects, see nuclear power.
    Fission bombs
    The mushroom cloud of the atom bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan in 1945 rose some 18 kilometres (11 mi) above the bomb's hypocenter. The bomb killed at least 60,000 people.[10]

    One class of nuclear weapon, a fission bomb (not to be confused with the fusion bomb), otherwise known as an atomic bomb or atom bomb, is a fission reactor designed to liberate as much energy as possible as rapidly as possible, before the released energy causes the reactor to explode (and the chain reaction to stop). Development of nuclear weapons was the motivation behind early research into nuclear fission: the Manhattan Project of the U.S. military during World War II carried out most of the early scientific work on fission chain reactions, culminating in the Trinity test bomb and the Little Boy and Fat Man bombs that were exploded over the cities Hiroshima, and Nagasaki, Japan in August 1945.

    Even the first fission bombs were thousands of times more explosive than a comparable mass of chemical explosive. For example, Little Boy weighed a total of about four tons (of which 60 kg was nuclear fuel) and was 11 feet (3.4 m) long; it also yielded an explosion equivalent to about 15 kilotons of TNT, destroying a large part of the city of Hiroshima. Modern nuclear weapons (which include a thermonuclear fusion as well as one or more fission stages) are hundreds of times more energetic for their weight than the first pure fission atomic bombs (see nuclear weapon yield), so that a modern single missile warhead bomb weighing less than 1/8 as much as Little Boy (see for example W88) has a yield of 475,000 tons of TNT, and could bring destruction to about 10 times the city area.

    While the fundamental physics of the fission chain reaction in a nuclear weapon is similar to the physics of a controlled nuclear reactor, the two types of device must be engineered quite differently (see nuclear reactor physics). A nuclear bomb is designed to release all its energy at once, while a reactor is designed to generate a steady supply of useful power. While overheating of a reactor can lead to, and has led to, meltdown and steam explosions, the much lower uranium enrichment makes it impossible for a nuclear reactor to explode with the same destructive power as a nuclear weapon. It is also difficult to extract useful power from a nuclear bomb, although at least one rocket propulsion system, Project Orion, was intended to work by exploding fission bombs behind a massively padded and shielded spacecraft.

    The strategic importance of nuclear weapons is a major reason why the technology of nuclear fission is politically sensitive. Viable fission bomb designs are, arguably, within the capabilities of many being relatively simple from an engineering viewpoint. However, the difficulty of obtaining fissile nuclear material to realize the designs, is the key to the relative unavailability of nuclear weapons to all but modern industrialized governments with special programs to produce fissile materials (see uranium enrichment and nuclear fuel cycle).

  11. #11
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    Maybe someday Gen. Buck's cutie will strap one of those babies to her sweet little footsie and kick me in the nuttsies, then....

    Ya-hoooo, ya-hoooo, ya-hooooooooo!!

    We'll meet again, don't know where, don't know when...

  12. #12
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    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    Feminists would be pissed off by this too. The main reason woman-on-man violence is seen as a joke is the idea that women are weak and men are strong, so the idea of a woman hurting a man is funny because men don't get hurt by women. If you get rid of the sexist stereotypes and think women and men are equal then violence is just as bad whoever its happening to.
    Here are a few current feminist icons in a room talking about a man who's wife, after asking for a divorce, drugged him & tied him up. Then waited for him to wake up and then hacked off his penis and finally went all the way to ensure he could never have any kind of sex life again by putting it in a garbage disposal unit. Note the laughter, the vindictive joy they all (save one) take from the victims position.
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rkl_oLSKQc

    There is NOTHING stopping any woman doing similar and although still a fairly rare occurence in western cultures, it does happen a lot. In fact, that and ca$tration were a common punishment in years gone by, to which many women would eagerly applaude.
    Note the apology, the barely-stifled laughter from Sharon & co.
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rkl_oLSKQc
    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    There are plenty of issues in the world and focusing on those that affect you the most does not mean you don't care about the others.
    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    Again, just because somebody focuses on the issues most meaningful to them doesn't mean they don't care about any other issues.
    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    Really you are just approaching this completely wrong. Rights are not a competition between men and women. Improving things for women doesn't make things worse for men.
    My person gripe is that if they're (feminists) going to claim to seek equality, then it should be FULL equality, not this selective equality which is always to women's benefit or to men's detriment. So we should see feminists demanding equal jail terms or equal paternity leave for men. If they're going to focus so much on positive outcomes for women, they should declare this instead of lying about equality.

    However, moving on... Re-read the above quotes again, about how focusing on x isn't necessarily bad for y and such... Then consider what you said recently, as quoted below:
    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    You mean some women are angry when instead of working towards equality men try and make everything about them, despite being incredibly privileged in society? No kidding.
    So the typically feminist mentality of double-standards hasn't failed. You've basically stated it's fine for women to focus on women but it's terrible that men focus on men.
    That's just yet-another area feminism demonstrates it's intolerance for open debate. They can't go and just talk about the issues, they bawl & scream, demanding they alone be heard and the men stfu. And what do they blame everything on? MEN.
    Feminism IS sexism of the highest extreme.

    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    However the fact that you think things like abortion rights, slutwalks and r@pe shield laws are bad things shows that you don't like women very much and probably think of them as second class citizens. Which is a more likely reason for your hatred of feminism than 'they are all nazis'.
    However, that you don't think things like paternity fraud, parental rights, the boys crisis, suicide rates are bad things shows that you don't like men very much and probably think of them as second class citizens. Which is a more likely reason for your hatred of MRA's than 'they only think about men's issues', you know, just like feminists only think about women's issues.

    Quote Originally Posted by One from the Vaults View Post
    The Fourth Wavers are the ones most active on the internet, while the Third Wavers are the ones most active in the universities. I wouldn't characterise the Fourth Wave as based on "hate" so much as it is based on *anger*. That is, they're used to seeing violence against women trivialised and ignored, and they're pissed off about it and trying to do something to change that. And they may even be succeeding. Though yes, many of them are not exactly being reasonable, and some can fairly be described as bigots.
    So given the video above, you can see why MRA's are angry when feminists continually trivialize male rap3 victims (of women and other men), male victims of domestic violence and invade & abuse men's support groups as in the other videos from my previous post.

    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    It reflects how men and women are treated differently by society. Society, not feminists. Feminists would want men and women to be treated equally.
    So it begs the question why they trivialize male victims of DV. It also brings to light begs the question, contrary to your other claims, as to why they promote only the 'man abuser' & 'woman victim' meme and demands laws that state 'women' and take no issue with funding female-only support groups. IF feminists wanted men & women treated equally as you claim, they would speak out against this mentality - instead, they promote it.

    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    ...not that everyone walking past that day (men and women) happened to be a man-hating feminist.
    But you'll note the woman who openly rejoiced.
    She claims she is 'pretty nice all the time, I should've done what she done', yeah, she demonstrated how nice she is by rejoicing in seeing a male victim of abuse. Repeatedly in this video we see women assuming the man 'must have done something to deserve it'. Don't you think, when women are systematically glazed over with images of 'bad man/victim woman', it just might alter their perceptions of men & women? Even just a little..?

    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    One from the Vaults, nice to see another educated man here. This forum can be pretty misogynist at times. :P
    This forum is based in misandry. If we had a forum on cuntbusting, that would be misogyny. This one is misandry. Not everything is about women, you know...


    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    Please learn how VAWA works beyond just looking at the name.
    I have explained that groups which support male victims of DV are prohibited from receiving any funding. Add that to the title's sexism amongst the other elements & it's clear that VAWA is very sexist in more than it's title.
    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    Considering men find it easier to get hired and women only earn on average 80% of what men earn I don't think you need them.
    I do hope your claim is based on ignorance rather than intention deception - again... The so-called wage-gap is an average which does NOT account for such trivial things like; hours worked (men on average work 14 hours more than women p/w), education, service time with the company, job type (e.g. a female cleaner of a small office building will obviously EARN less than an electrician risking his life 100+ft above the ground in various weather conditions), etc. etc. Pretending two people who do identical jobs with identical backgrounds in the same company just doesn't happen in today's world with the rarest of exception. In fact, as it is today, young women are paid more than their male counterparts... Until they have a baby (and before you blame men for women getting pregnant, remember men do NOT have abortion options and extremely limited reproductive rights & devices compared to women).
    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    No groups exist to help people who falsely accuse others...
    NOW & iconic TV feminists have been known more than once to support false accusers even after they've been found to be lying. Look at Nancy Grace for an example.
    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    Women have been convicted of sexual assault yes.
    Not to the same level as men. Women's sexual misconduct is typically excused, justified or trivialized. For instance, the recent Catherine Kieu Becker charges were reported in the papers. She wasn't charged with any sexual offences. MGM is perfectly legal in the western world as well as third world nations despite killing many babies and young men. Girls learn in school they can assault boys sexually and only on occasion face repercussions, whilst boys who ping a bra are suspended from school on the grounds of sexual harassment. Amazing double-standards, which feminists who you claim seek equality somehow manage to not say a word against it whilst focusing on the bad boys' behaviours alone.
    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    Look at how you tried to explain it as the woman failing to protect herself.
    What? Please quote the precise words rather than putting words in my mouth - aka lying... again.
    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    Show me the law that says men should be treated more harshly, or the feminist support for such a thing.
    I didn't say there was a law for it. I've repeatedly said that if feminists wanted TRUE EQUALITY they would speak out against it, yet they always manage to either excuse or justify or use misdirection (as you've done repeatedly in this thread) to avoid the parts of equality that don't suit them (you know, the parts where men might benefit or women might not benefit from equality).
    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    I already agreed that the law regarding r@pe in England should be changed, but you keep coming back to it as if it has anything to do with feminism. The law wasn't written by feminists.
    Yes, streaking is another example that feminists know of an inequality yet remain strangely silent about despite claiming to want equality. There were others I raised too, not just r@p3, it is you who returns to only portion, not me.
    Quote Originally Posted by jabby View Post
    Blah blah Blah dem evul menz am alway privulidgeded but us womyn am alway so hard doned bye
    If you want to see privileges... Look at THESE lists.

    http://mensresistance.wordpress.com/...ege-checklist/
    http://antimisandry.com/feminist-mis...html#post97703
    http://antimisandry.com/chit-chat-ma...list-8877.html


    1. From an early age the opposite sex will be instructed never to hit me but I may not be given the same instructions. However, should I strike males I can expect not to be hit back and any social penalties that occur from my actions will actually fall on the male.

    2. If I’m not smart, but pretty, I can marry and achieve the social and financial level of my husband without ever working.

    3. I can produce offspring. A status which grants me an “essential” status in our species that men can never have and which can never be taken away from me even in old age.

    4. Regardless of my mate value society has organized fertility clinics and social welfare programs that will allow me to have children and provide for them should I choose to reproduce without a mate or marriage.

    5. I not only have the more valuable and sought after sexual identity, but I also have complete control over my reproductive choice and in many ways over the reproductive choice of the opposite sex.

    6. At any time I can abandon my parental responsibilities with little or no social stigma and hand the child over to the state or abort the pregnancy. A male could never relieve himself of this burden unless I allow him to.

    7. I am granted all the rights of a democracy without any of the burdens of military service.

    8. At age 18 I lose the protective status of the child but retain the protective status of the female. Boys at age 18 lose the protected status of the child and become targets if they fail to gain status after that point.

    9. When I marry a man with status I can take his name and become whoever he has spent years becoming. I need not do anything special to be worthy of receiving the reputation he has built. However, if I wish to keep my own name I can do so. Should my husband feel the sting of this insult I can simply call him a sexist for it.

    10. People will help me more when I’m in need and I will receive no social penalty or stigma for it.

    11. When I’m on a date things will be paid for me.

    12. When I search for employment I can choose jobs which I think are fulfilling without concern of whether they provide a “family” wage.

    13. I can discriminate against the opposite sex ruthlessly without social penalty.

    14. If I marry and quit my job and enjoy a leisurely life with light housework and then later divorce I will be given half of the marital assets.

    15. If I commit a crime and am convicted I will get a sentencing “discount” because of my gender. If I am very pretty it will increase my discount.

    16. If I am a partner in crime with a man I will likely be charged with lesser crimes even though I committed the same crimes even if I was the ringleader.

    17. I have the option to be outraged if my husband asks me if my behavior is due to PMS and later on use PMS as a successful legal defense for murdering that same husband.

    18. At age 18 I will not be ****** to register for Selective Service and will not be penalized for failing to do so.

    19. At a time of war I will never be drafted and ripped from my employment, home, and family and ****** to become a military slave.

    20. My feelings are more important than men’s lives. Every precaution will be made to protect me from harassment at work. However, males will make up nearly %100 of workplace fatalities.

    21. My gender controls 80% of domestic spending. We get to spend our money if we have any and we get to spend men’s money.

    22. The majority of luxury apparel is designed, marketed to, and consumed by women.

    23. Seven times as much jewelry will be purchased by or for me than by or for men.

    24. I have a department of women’s health whereas men have no such department.

    25. My gender enjoys more government spending on health than males do.

    26. My gender consumes the lioness’ share of entitlement programs while men contribute the lion’s share of taxes.

    27. If I **** or molest a child I can expect lighter treatment in court and afterwards receive less social stigma. What’s more, should I become pregnant, I can sue my victim for child support when he finally turns 18.

    28. When I divorce my husband I will be guaranteed custody of my children unless I am deemed to be unfit. Even if my husband is “Parent of the Year” 10 years running it is unlikely he will get custody over me even if I am a mediocre parent.

    29. When I divorce I can use false accusations of domestic violence, sexual molestation of the children or abuse of the children to gain advantage during court proceedings. If I am found out to be a liar I can expect to get away with it.

    30. If a man calls me a slut it will probably hurt his reputation more than it hurts mine, but at any rate the damage will be small and localized. However, if I call him a child molester or claim that he raped me I can destroy him completely and the damage may be nationwide.

    31. If I fail at my career I can blame the male dominated society.

    32. I may have the luxury of staying home and being a housewife but if my sister’s husband does the same thing I’m likely to call him a deadbeat loser and tell her to leave him.

    33. If I “choose” to join the military; the best military occupations providing the most lucrative civilian training will be reserved for me. I will be kept away from the fighting as much as possible to the point that I will be thirty times less likely to be killed in a war zone than my male counterparts. I will be given equal pay for less risk. I will never have to consider the fact that by joining the military and getting a plumb assignment I automatically ****** a male out of that position and into a combat role that may cost him his life.

    34. If a male soldier injures himself before a deployment he can be arrested and court marshaled for it. If I deliberately get pregnant before a deployment or even during a deployment I will be reassigned and or taken out of a war zone and I will receive no penalty for it.

    35. My gender watches more television in every hour of every day than any other group. This along with the fact that women control %80 of domestic spending means that most television shows and advertisement are designed to appeal to me.

    36. I can wear masculine clothing if it pleases me however men cannot wear feminine clothing without social penalty.

    37. Not only is there a wealth of clothing choices designed for me but it is likely that I will be able to afford or have them provided for me.

    38. I can claim that a wage gap exists and that it is the fault of sexism while simultaneously seeking employment without considering income as a priority. I will probably choose my job based on satisfaction, flexibility of hours, and working conditions and then expect to make as much as the males working nights, out in the rain and cold or working overtime.

    39. I can be bigoted or sexist against males without social penalty.

    40. If I make a false claim of **** against a male in an act of revenge or in order to cover up my own scandalous behavior I may well succeed at both and he may spend years in prison. If I am found out it is unlikely I will be charged, convicted, or serve any time at all.

    41. If I abuse my husband and physically assault him and the police arrive it is almost guaranteed he will go to jail.

    42. If I am in an abusive relationship there are a multitude of social organizations to help me get away from him. There are few for men in the same position even though women initiate the majority of DV and even though men are hospitalized %30 of the time.

    43. In the event of a natural disaster or other emergency that requires evacuation I can expect to be evacuated before males. This includes male doctors, humanitarians, politicians, captains of industry, billionaires, and religious leaders. I will receive no social penalty if all of those people died because I was evacuated first. However, should they manage to get evacuated before women and those women died they will all suffer a social penalty.

    44. If someone is attacking a person on the street I have no obligation to assist them and I will receive no social penalty if I do nothing.

    45. If someone is harming my children and I run away and ask someone else to help I will receive no social penalty for my cowardice.

    46. I’m immune to cognitive dissonance.

    47. I may denounce the concept of a dowry, however, I still expect a man to give me an engagement ring when he asks me to marry him.

    48. I expect a man to ask me to marry me and suffer the potential risk of rejection.

    49. If I lie it’s because I’m a victim of a male dominated society ****** into difficult circumstances and not because I’m a bad person.

    50. If my boyfriend sabotages a condom he can pay me child support for the next 20 years. If I secretly don’t take my birth control my boyfriend can pay me child support for the next 20 years.

    51. If I’m uncomfortable exercising around men I can demand a female only gym be made for women. If any male only gyms exist I can demand membership under threat of lawsuit.

    52. If my female only gym at the university decides to close early for safety reasons I can scream sexism and force them to keep it open as long as the main gym.

    53. If I succeed at keeping the female gym open and I leave late at night and I don’t feel safe I can demand that the university spend hundreds of thousands of dollars for more lighting and police presence.

    54. If after getting new lighting and police protection I decide I don’t want to go to the gym anymore well that’s just my prerogative.

    55. I’m likely to believe that if a woman is intoxicated she is not capable of giving consent and if sex occurs it is ****. However, if her male partner is also intoxicated he is capable of consenting.

    56. If a man is promoted over me at work I have a right to suspect sexism even though I also believe that under adverse circumstances men are more capable than women of making good decisions. (see #55)

    57. I can cry and get my husband to do something for me that he might not have done otherwise.

    58. I expect people (especially men) to be sensitive to my feelings.

    59. I can deny a man’s feelings or disregard them or ridicule him for having them without social penalty.

    60. If I lose my job it’s because of sexism or the economy. If a man loses his job it’s because he’s a loser.

    61. If I go to a club or bar with my girlfriends and I look my sexy best I have a right to be perturbed when men approach me and hit on me in this public place.

    62. Even though men die more from prostate cancer than women die from breast cancer I can expect that twice as much funding is given for breast cancer. The same will apply to any female specific disease or malady.

    63. If for some reason I do not get custody of my children I will be expected to pay less child support than another man in my exact same position.

    64. If I kidnap my children and I am eventually caught I can successfully defend myself by claiming I was protecting them from my husband–even if my children were given to him to protect them from me.

    65. My gender makes up %53 of the voting population yet when I see more men in political office I will call that sexism.

    66. If I am married with children and I want to stay home with the kids I’m likely to blame my husband for not making enough to allow me to do that.

    67. I think it is my right to work and I am unconcerned if the influx of women into the workforce has reduced overall wages to the point that it’s hard to support a family on just one income, or affirmative action has kept men from being promoted even though they deserved it.

    68. I can get student financial aid without signing up for Selective Service (the Draft).

    69. I can get employment with a federal agency without signing up for Selective Service.

    70. Restrooms for my gender will be cleaner and are more likely to have flowers or other decorations.

    71. If I’m caring for a child restrooms for my gender will more likely have a changing table for my convenience.

    72. People I’ve never met before are more likely to open doors for me.

    73. People I’ve never met before are more likely to talk to me in public.

    74. If I go to a bar I can expect that members of the opposite sex will purchase drinks for me.

    75. Anytime I find an organization just for men I can denounce it as sexism.

    76. I believe that women should have organizations just for women.

    77. If I meet a man that I like and I give him my phone number and he doesn’t call I have a right to think of him as an asshole.

    78. If I meet a man that I like and I give him my phone number and he calls me I have a right to blow him off or act like I don’t know him.

    79. I believe I have a right to live in an orderly and safe society but I feel no obligation to risk my safety to secure or maintain that society.

    80. I like it when bars and clubs have drinks specials just for women.

    81. I think that organizations that offer any discounts or privileges just for men is a clear sign of sexism.

    82. If I’m white I will live 6 years longer than white males and 14 years longer than black males.

    83. If I’m encouraged to get medical care it’s because I owe it to myself.

    84. When my husband is encouraged to get medical help it’s because he owes to to me and the kids.

    85. If something bad happens to me or just one woman I believe it is an offense against all women.

    86. I believe that if something bad happens to a man it’s because he’s a loser.

    87. I think that alimony is fair when paid to a woman but not fair when paid by a woman.

    88. I’m more likely to believe that women who commit crimes are sick and need treatment or understanding whereas men who commit crimes are evil and should be locked up forever.

    89. I can criticize the opposite sex without social penalty, but woe be to the man who attempts to criticize me or other women.

    90. I can throw a fit and act like a two year old to get what I want without damaging my mate value.

    91. I have the luxury of not being the filter for natural selection.

    92. I can sleep with my boss if I want and afterwards I can sue him for sexual harassment.

    93. I can wear seductive clothing and perfume to attract a man at work but no one will accuse me of sexual harassment.

    94. If I hear a story about Darfur and how men who leave the refugee camps to gather wood are hacked to death to prevent their wives from being raped I am likely to think that is proper but not likely to send money.

    95. If I hear a story about Darfur and how women are leaving the refugee camps to gather wood are being raped I’m likely to be outraged. I’m also likely to wonder why these women’s husbands aren’t protecting them.

    96. If I ever heard these stories about Darfur it is my privilege not to care or even consider that the reason the second story exists is because all the men in the first have already been killed.

    97. It is my right to maintain the belief that men oppress women despite all of the evidence to the contrary.

    1. I’m under less pressure than others to engage in risky, dangerous and unhealthy behaviors - one of the reasons I get to live longer than others do.

    2. I can choose professions that are less lucrative, and not be called a loser.

    3. If I don’t rise to the top of my profession, it’s OK – people won’t judge me the less for it.

    4. I’m entitled to the benefits of a safe, orderly society, but no one expects me to risk my personal safety to maintain it.

    5. I have the right to have the overwhelming majority of personal risk suffered in defense of my country handled by others.

    6. I’m allowed to avoid violence, and even run from it, without the risk I’ll be laughed at.

    7. If I see someone else in danger, I’m allowed to stop and think carefully about my personal risk before saving them, without my courage being called into question.

    8. I have the right to avoid risky, dangerous challenges, and not be called a coward.

    9. I’m allowed to cry as a child and tell my parents I’m scared of something - my parents won't be disappointed with me.

    10. I have the right to have most of the really dangerous professions handled by others.

    11. If I commit a crime, I get less jail time than others would get for the exact same crime.

    12. When I find myself with others in a terrifying, life-threatening situation, I have the right to be evacuated first, once the children are safe. Others can wait.

    13. If I get slaughtered as part of some atrocity, people will be especially outraged and will call particular attention to the fact I was slaughtered. When others are slaughtered, it isn't quite as upsetting.

    14. I have the right to give my child up for adoption, and thus totally repudiate any personal and financial responsibilities I might otherwise have.

    15. I can choose whether I want to be a parent or not, knowing that society will compel the other parent to meet their financial responsibilities - whether they want to or not.

    16. If I am personally attacked, I expect otherwise safe, otherwise uninvolved people to come to my defense.

    17. If I see someone else being attacked, I’m not expected to risk my own safety to defend them. It's OK for me to wait for others to intervene, and it’s also OK for me to criticize others if they don’t.

    18. In any dispute involving custody, I’m granted the presumption that I am the better, safer parent.

    19. I have the right to interact with children not my own, and not have people look at me suspiciously.

    20. If I choose to become a parent, people understand if I want to focus entirely on the personal, day-to-day care and nurturing of my children. Society expects my spouse to make enough money to make this choice possible.

    21. I can get real nasty when someone makes me mad, and call them ugly, a loser, a nerd, a geek, a disgusting creep, a revolting little worm, a worthless piece of garbage, a scum bag, a wimp, a pervert, a jerk-off, an old fart, or a fat slob. After all, I have the right not to be treated meanly at work, and the right not to hear harsh things that might make me uncomfortable. I have legal recourse if that right is not respected, and I have the right to make this perfectly clear on my job interview.

    22. I’m allowed to embrace and cultivate my spiritual qualities, and adopt a more elevated and more refined view of life - because other people handle all the "dirty work" like: yard work, garbage hauling, construction, fishing, mining, sewage disposal, street cleaning, long distance trucking, baggage handling, painting, sandblasting, and cement work.

    23. If I fail at something, I can go to college and study the historical ****** and social constructs that make it harder for people like me. If others fail, it’s because they just don’t have what it takes.

    24. If I fail at almost everything, I can always teach college courses that explain why people like me fail a lot.

    If I marry, there is a very good chance that I will be given the option to quit my job and live off my husband’s* income without having my femininity questioned.
    If I become pregnant, I and I alone choose whether to terminate the pregnancy or have the baby. As a result, I can be reasonably certain that I will never be held financially responsible for a child I didn’t want to have, and that I will never have my unborn child aborted without my consent.
    Many employers, including the government, have policies specifically designed to privilege me over male candidates.
    If my husband is unfaithful to me or abuses me, I will receive sympathy unmixed with derision.
    I am significantly more likely to graduate from college than I would be if I were a man.
    Moderately impaired social skills are not a serious impediment to my ability to achieve romantic and sexual fulfillment.
    Although I am every bit as likely as a man to allow my sex drive to compromise my judgment, I will never be accused of thinking with my clitoris.
    I can expect to pay a significantly lower premium for car insurance than a man with a similar driving record would.
    If I commit a crime, I will likely be treated much more leniently in a court of law than would a man who had committed the same crime.
    Men are expected to buy me drinks, meals, flowers, and jewelry in exchange for a chance to spend time with me.
    Because I am not expected to be my family’s primary breadwinner, I have the luxury of prioritizing factors other than salary when choosing a career path.
    ***I have the privilege of being unaware of my female privilege.***

    1. I have a much lower chance of being murdered than a man.

    2. I have a much lower chance of being driven to successfully commit suicide than a man.

    3. I have a lower chance of being a victim of a violent assault than a man.

    4. I have probably been taught that it is acceptable to cry.

    5. I will probably live longer than the average man.

    6. Most people in society probably will not see my overall worthiness as a person being exclusively tied to how high up in the hierarchy I rise.

    7. I have a much better chance of being considered to be a worthy mate for someone, even if I’m unemployed with little money, than a man.

    8. I am given much greater latitude to form close, intimate friendships than a man is.

    9. My chance of suffering a work-related injury or illness is significantly lower than a man’s.

    10. My chance of being killed on the job is a tiny fraction of a man’s.

    11. If I shy away from fights, it is unlikely that this will damage my standing in my peer group or call into question my worthiness as a sex partner.

    12. I am not generally expected to be capable of violence. If I lack this capacity, this will generally not be seen as a damning personal deficiency.

    13. If I was born in North America since WWII, I can be almost certain that my genitals were not mutilated soon after birth, without anesthesia.

    14. If I attempt to hug a friend in joy, it’s much less likely that my friend will wonder about my sexuality or pull away in unease.

    15. If I seek a hug in solace from a close friend, I’ll have much less concern about how my friend will interpret the gesture or whether my worthiness as a member of my gender will be called into question.

    16. I generally am not compelled by the rules of my sex to wear emotional armor in interactions with most people.

    17. I am frequently the emotional center of my family.

    18. I am allowed to wear clothes that signify ‘vulnerability’, ‘playful openness’, and ’softness’.

    19. I am allowed to BE vulnerable, playful, and soft without calling my worthiness as a human being into question.

    20. If I interact with other people’s children — particularly people I don’t know very well — I do not have to worry much about the interaction being misinterpreted.

    21. If I have trouble accommodating to some aspects of gender demands, I have a much greater chance than a man does of having a sympathetic audience to discuss the unreasonableness of the demand, and a much lower chance that this failure to accommodate will be seen as signifying my fundamental inadequacy as a member of my gender.

    22. I am less likely to be shamed for being sexually inactive than a man.

    23. From my late teens through menopause, for most levels of sexual attractiveness, it is easier for me to find a sex partner at my attractiveness level than it is for a man.

    24. My role in my child’s life is generally seen as more important than the child’s father’s role.


    1. I am physically able to give birth to another human being, and then do my best to mold her or him into the kind of person I choose.

    2. I am not automatically expected to be the family breadwinner.

    3. I feel free to wear a wide variety of clothes, from jeans to skimpy shorts to dresses as appropriate, without fear of ridicule.

    4. I can choose to remain seated to meet most people.

    5. I am not ashamed to ask for others’ perspectives on an issue.

    6. I feel free to exhibit a wide range of emotions, from tears to genuine belly laughter, without being told to shut up.

    7. My stereotypical excesses in shopping, clothes, jewelry, personal care and consumption of chocolate usually are expected, even the source of jokes.

    8. Public policies generally offer me an opportunity to bond with my offspring.

    9. I am among the first to get off a sinking ship.

    10. I can usually find someone with superior strength to help me overcome physically challenging obstacles, such as changing a tire or cutting a huge Christmas tree.

    11. Changing my mind is seen as a birthright or prerogative.

    12. I feel free to explore alternate career paths instead of being bound to a single career ladder.

    13. I am used to asking for help, around the kitchen table or the proverbial water cooler or the conference room.

    14. People I’ve never met are inclined to hold doors open and give up their seats for me.

    15. I can be proud of the skill I have worked to develop at stretching limited financial resources.

    16. I am not ashamed of using alternatives to positional power to reach my goals.

    17. I know how to put a new roll of toilet paper in use and am not above doing it for the next person.

    18. I am not ashamed to admit that the decisions I make reflect my personal values.

    19. I am not afraid to create and maintain honest relationships with others.

    20. I do not fear being accused of having an ethic of care in my professional life.

    21. When I enter an office, I am likely to encounter those who can help me “in low places.”

    22. I am more likely to get hugs than handshakes, depending on the situation.

    23. I am less likely to be seen as a threat, which allows me more subtle alternatives.

    24. I can use men’s “sheer fear of tears” to my advantage.

    25. I can complain that these female privileges are relatively minor compared with the vast assortment of dominant male privileges, but I wouldn’t change places for the world.

    1. If I express negative feelings about something that is affecting me, either physically or verbally, people are more likely to see it as a legitimate problem that needs to be solved rather than a defect of my character.

    2. I can rely on a greater likelihood that others will believe that a third party is the cause of my suffering rather than myself.

    3. I can express my sexuality with significantly less likelihood of being seen as a threat to others.

    4. I do not have to worry about my sexual attraction to others being perceived as blinding myself to or devaluing their character.

    5. I can absorb aggressive, violent and/or male-dominated media and partake in aggressive, violent and/or male dominant behavior and be seen as a pioneer for my gender rather than a negative stereotype.

    6. Autoerotic sexual activity is far less likely to be seen as a sign of my failure as a human being.

    7. I can rely on advertisers and other media outlets proclaiming that I can be overweight and still be attractive.

    8. I can rely on a greater likelihood of outcry and disdain over any negative opinions or statements or dismissal of privileges or respect regarding my physical appearance.

    9. I can rely on there being outcry from a sizable section of society should someone of the opposite gender express disdain for anything pertaining to my gender or sex or any form of character assassination that relies on my gender or sex.

    10. I can rely on the possibility of being granted media coverage should I ever go missing.

    11. I am given less impetus to worry about growing up a social or sexual deviant based on my accomplishments in life or lack thereof.

    12. I can be confident that I will be judged significantly less harshly for my sexual performance, and that such a thing will be far less likely to be used as an attack on my overall character.

    13. Assertion of myself based on my gender is more likely to be seen in a positive light by mainstream society. Pride in my gender is far more likely to be as a sign of intelligence than a lack thereof.

    14. I can speak on matters of gender where issues regarding my own are discussed with greatly decreased likelihood of being considered insecure, ignorant, overprivileged or insane. I can also have greater confidence that such views of mine will be accepted and, if not accepted, will be treated less harshly and result in less dire consequences.

    15. I do not require as much reliance on the achievement of a significant other to prove the existence of moral character within myself.

    16. My biological and hormonal makeup is less likely to be seen as impetus for a potential criminal threat.

    17. I have significantly greater confidence in knowing sexist behavior or commentary committed against myself will be recognized as sexism, and that such sexism is unjustified.

    18. I am given more reason to believe that someone, somewhere, outside my peer group, cares about me and is willing to look out for me and my best interests, based solely on my gender.


    1) Career wise, I can complain about harassment and not laughed at or have my gender called into question by both genders.

    2) I can skip a few years of employment and then return, demanding the same rises that others have had who remained employed. If my demand is not met, I can accuse the company of discrimination.

    3) Even though I'm more likely to abuse children, I am perceived as sweet & innocent.

    4) If I start a fight with a man, I can be guaranteed others will come to my defense - even if he isn't defending himself.

    5) I can go to a bar and drink for free.

    6) I almost never have to worry about being sexually harrassed by my boss as I can take him to the cleaners if he even tries it.

    7) My ability to do a certain job will never come into question because of my gender.

    8 ) I can fall on my gender as a sympathy vote if I run for politics.

    9) I can marry someone based on thier financial or social status like it will actually empower me more.

    10) I can sexually assault men and remain legally immune.

    11) I can go out in public wearing almost anything without being harrassed or judged as I have a lot more options in clothing, whereas men are generally restricted in their 'acceptable' dress codes.

    12) If I so happen to meet someone at a party, and decide to have sex, I would be viewed as being “empowered” and television even promotes this with programmes like "sex in the city".

    13) I can sexually mutilate my male children and deprive them of a few thousand nerves which assist greatly in enhancing sexual pleasure.

    14) My handbag is my world and get to have groups follow me for a simple pee.

    15) I don’t have to worry about the father's opinion if I get pregnant, it's all about me!

    16) I can bash men and no one bats an eye-lid, if a man bashes us women - we call him a misogynist and people will shun him.

    17) I can date more than one man at the same time, and society would think I'm empowered.

    18) I can put on the television and be safe in the knowledge that women are portrayed positively while men are portayed as idiots or abusers.

    19) I am practically imune from legal repercussions for my actions as I have feminist groups coming to my saviour - even killing my children or husband.

    20) I reproduce - that must be pretty awesome for guys to witness.

    21) I can fake an orgasm... something almost impossible for a guy to do.

    22) No pharmacist can claim the right to deny me any medicines I ask for at a drug store as I can claim discrimination. Of course, if I'm underage that's different - duh.

    23) Even when I am acting within my gender role, I am GAINING from it, rather than being oppressed as I can CHOOSE to stay at home and enjoy watching the children grow up while my husband (assuming I bother to keep him around) works his ass off to keep a roof over our head.

    24) If I go to church, I can attend knowing the folks are taught immeasurable levels of respect for me and it is meant to be mutual respect.

    25) I don’t have to live up to expectations of how thin I am supposed to be - feminism freed me from such pettiness.

    26) I get to use PMS as an excuse for murdering my children or husband.


    Note, I'm not saying any privileges of either sex is women's fault or even feminists fault... BUT feminists DO blame men, as is so typical of them and as you have done over & over throughout this conversation.

    The fact that feminists ignore AND deny female privileges even exist demonstrates their blatant sexism & ignorance of men's issues.














    And as I pointed out earlier, feminism is now beginning to demand it be above scrutiny.



    It takes a special kind of bigotry to think this way. I wonder how many 'moderate feminists' opposed this ?

    Any..? Anyone..?

  13. #13
    Junior Member
    Join Date
    Dec 2004
    Location
    England
    Posts
    49
    You claim that feminists don't want 'true equality' because they don't campaign for the rights of men. Since you apparently want 'true equality' can I assume that you campaign equally for both men and women's issues?

    Also, your list of 'female privileges' is really creepy in the way it keeps referring to a woman's 'mating value'. Ugh, lets not think of women as actual people, they are just babymaking factories that are all out to bleed men of money and respect! 90% of them are also hilariously wrong. Women have full reproductive rights? Have you been to America lately? Men have to join the army? Not in most developed nations. This is particularly good:

    "If I go to a club or bar with my girlfriends and I look my sexy best I have a right to be perturbed when men approach me and hit on me in this public place."

    Really? Women have the right to be annoyed when men won't leave them alone? That is considered a privilege? Let's ignore the fact that thinking they have the right to approach any woman anywhere is an extremely good example of a male priviledge...

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